STD：交换

struct S
{
  int* p;
  int n;
  S& operator=(S&& other) {
    p = std::exchange(other.p, nullptr // move p, while leaving nullptr in other.p
    n = std::exchange(other.n, 0 // move n, while leaving zero in other.n
    return *this;
  }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
 
class stream
{
  public:
 
   using flags_type = int;
 
  public:
 
    flags_type flags() const
    { return flags_; }
 
    ///Replaces flags_ by newf, and returns the old value.
    flags_type flags(flags_type newf)
    { return std::exchange(flags_, newf }
 
  private:
 
    flags_type flags_ = 0;
};
 
void f() { std::cout << "f()"; }
 
int main()
{
   stream s;
 
   std::cout << s.flags() << '\n';
   std::cout << s.flags(12) << '\n';
   std::cout << s.flags() << "\n\n";
 
   std::vector<int> v;
 
   //Since the second template parameter has a default value, it is possible
   //to use a braced-init-list as second argument. The expression below
   //is equivalent to std::exchange(v, std::vector<int>{1,2,3,4}
 
   std::exchange(v, {1,2,3,4}
 
   std::copy(begin(v),end(v), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout,", ")
 
   std::cout << "\n\n";
 
   void (*fun)(
 
   //the default value of template parameter also makes possible to use a
   //normal function as second argument. The expression below is equivalent to
   //std::exchange(fun, std::static_cast<void(*)()>(f))
   std::exchange(fun,f
   fun(
}

0
0
12
 
1, 2, 3, 4, 
 
f()

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