Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators
赋值运算符(assignment operator
)基于右值(right operand)的值,给左值(left operand)赋值。
描述
基本的赋值运算符是等号(=
),该运算符把它右边的运算值赋给左边。即,x = y
把 y
的值赋给 x
。 其他的赋值运算符通常是标准运算符的简写形式,如下面的定义与示例。
Name | Shorthand operator | Meaning |
---|---|---|
Assignment | x = y | x = y |
Addition assignment | x += y | x = x + y |
Subtraction assignment | x -= y | x = x - y |
Multiplication assignment | x *= y | x = x * y |
Division assignment | x /= y | x = x / y |
Remainder assignment | x %= y | x = x % y |
Exponentiation assignment | x **= y | x = x ** y |
Left shift assignment | x <<= y | x = x << y |
Right shift assignment | x >>= y | x = x >> y |
Unsigned right shift assignment | x >>>= y | x = x >>> y |
Bitwise AND assignment | x &= y | x = x & y |
Bitwise XOR assignment | x ^= y | x = x ^ y |
Bitwise OR assignment | x |= y | x = x | y |
赋值
简单的赋值运算符,把一个值赋给一个变量。为了把一个值赋给多个变量,可以以链式使用赋值运算符。参考下例:
语法
Operator: x = y
示例
// Assuming the following variables
// x = 5
// y = 10
// z = 25
x = y // x is 10
x = y = z // x, y and z are all 25
加赋值(Addition assignment)
加赋值运算符把一个右值与一个变量相加,然后把相加的结果赋给该变量。两个操作数的类型决定了加赋值运算符的行为。算术相加或字符串连接都有可能。更多细节参考 addition operator。
语法
Operator: x += y
Meaning: x = x + y
示例
// Assuming the following variables
// foo = 'foo'
// bar = 5
// baz = true
// Number + Number -> addition
bar += 2 // 7
// Boolean + Number -> addition
baz += 1 // 2
// Boolean + Boolean -> addition
baz += false // 1
// Number + String -> concatenation
bar += 'foo' // "5foo"
// String + Boolean -> concatenation
foo += false // "foofalse"
// String + String -> concatenation
foo += 'bar' // "foobar"
减赋值(Subtraction assignment)
减赋值运算符使一个变量减去右值,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 subtraction operator 。
语法
Operator: x -= y
Meaning: x = x - y
示例
// Assuming the following variable
// bar = 5
bar -= 2 // 3
bar -= 'foo' // NaN
乘赋值(Multiplication assignment)
乘赋值运算符使一个变量乘以右值,然后把相成的结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 multiplication operator。
语法
Operator: x *= y
Meaning: x = x * y
示例
// Assuming the following variable
// bar = 5
bar *= 2 // 10
bar *= 'foo' // NaN
除赋值(Division assignment)
除赋值运算符使一个变量除以右值,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 division operator。
语法
Operator: x /= y
Meaning: x = x / y
示例
// Assuming the following variable
// bar = 5
bar /= 2 // 2.5
bar /= 'foo' // NaN
bar /= 0 // Infinity
模赋值(Remainder assignment)
模赋值运算符使一个变量除以右值,然后把余数赋给该变量。更多细节查看 remainder operator。
语法
Operator: x %= y
Meaning: x = x % y
示例
// Assuming the following variable
// bar = 5
bar %= 2 // 1
bar %= 'foo' // NaN
bar %= 0 // NaN
指数赋值
这是一项实验技术,是ECMAScript 2016(ES7)提案的一部分。
由于该技术的规格不稳定,请查看各种浏览器的兼容性表格以供使用。还要注意,随着规范的改变,实验技术的语法和行为在未来版本的浏览器中可能会发生变化。
幂赋值运算符的计算结果为提高第一个操作数的结果功率
第二个操作数。有关更多详细信息,请参见指数运算符。
语法
Operator: x **= y
Meaning: x = x ** y
示例
// Assuming the following variable
// bar = 5
bar **= 2 // 25
bar **= 'foo' // NaN
左移赋值(Left shift assignment)
左移赋值运算符使变量向左移动指定位数的比特位,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 left shift operator
。
语法
Operator: x <<= y
Meaning: x = x << y
示例
var bar = 5; // (00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar <<= 2; // 20 (00000000000000000000000000010100)
右移赋值(Right shift assignment)
右移赋值运算符使变量向右移指定位数的比特位,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 right shift operator。
语法
Operator: x >>= y
Meaning: x = x >> y
示例
var bar = 5; // (00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>= 2; // 1 (00000000000000000000000000000001)
var bar -5; // (-00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>= 2; // -2 (-00000000000000000000000000000010)
无符号右移赋值(Unsigned right shift assignment)
无符号右移赋值运算符向右移动指定数量的比特位,然后把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看unsigned right shift operator。
语法
Operator: x >>>= y
Meaning: x = x >>> y
示例
var bar = 5; // (00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>>= 2; // 1 (00000000000000000000000000000001)
var bar = -5; // (-00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>>= 2; // 1073741822 (00111111111111111111111111111110)
按位与赋值(Bitwise AND assignment)
按位与赋值运算符使用两个操作值的二进制表示,执行按位与运算,并把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 bitwise AND operator。
语法
Operator: x &= y
Meaning: x = x & y
示例
var bar = 5;
// 5: 00000000000000000000000000000101
// 2: 00000000000000000000000000000010
bar &= 2; // 0
按位异或赋值(Bitwise XOR assignment)
按位异或赋值运算符使用两个操作值的二进制表示,执行二进制异或运算,并把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 bitwise XOR operator。
语法
Operator: x ^= y
Meaning: x = x ^ y
示例
var bar = 5;
bar ^= 2; // 7
// 5: 00000000000000000000000000000101
// 2: 00000000000000000000000000000010
// -----------------------------------
// 7: 00000000000000000000000000000111
按位或赋值(Bitwise OR assignment)
按位或赋值运算符使用两个操作值的二进制表示,执行按位或运算,并把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 bitwise OR operator。
语法
Operator: x |= y
Meaning: x = x | y
示例
var bar = 5;
bar |= 2; // 7
// 5: 00000000000000000000000000000101
// 2: 00000000000000000000000000000010
// -----------------------------------
// 7: 00000000000000000000000000000111
示例
带有赋值运算符的左值(Left operand)
在某些不常见的情况下,赋值运算符(如 x += y)并不等同于表达式(这是是 x = x + y)。当一个赋值运算符的左值包含有一个赋值运算符时,左值只会被求值一次。例如:
a[i++] += 5 // i is evaluated only once
a[i++] = a[i++] + 5 // i is evaluated twice
规范
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Assignment operators' in that specification. | Living Standard | |
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)The definition of 'Assignment operators' in that specification. | Standard | |
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Assignment operators' in that specification. | Standard | |
ECMAScript 1st Edition (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Assignment operators' in that specification. | Standard | Initial definition. |
浏览器兼容性
Feature | Chrome | Edge | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |
Feature | Android | Chrome for Android | Edge | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Mobile | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |