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JavaScript 解析Json字符串的性能比较分析代码

我们在使用AJAX来做服务器端和客户端交互的时候,一般的做法是让服务器端返回一段JSON字符串,然后在客户端把它解析成JavaScript对象。

解析时用到的方法一般是eval或者new function,而目前IE8和Firefox3.1又内置了原生的JSON对象(据说会有一定的性能提升)。那我们在实际使用的时候怎样从这三种方法(因为性能问题,不考虑用javascript实现的解析)里面来选择呢?面对众多的浏览器,哪种方式的性能是最好的呢? 

一、测试方法

1、首先指定测试次数及JSON字符串

代码如下:

var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}';

2、循环解析并记录时间

eval

代码如下:

var beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" } Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime )

new Function

代码如下:

var beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )( } Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime )

native

代码如下:

if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { var beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = JSON.parse( jsonString } Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) } else { Console.output( "native:not support!" }

二、测试对象 

选择目前主流的浏览器(不考虑Maxthon一类的外壳),包括IE6、7、8,Firefox2、3、3.1,Chrome,Opera及Safari3、4。 

三、测试环境

T9300 CPU + 4G RAM + Windows2003,其中IE8使用的是Vista的环境,IE7在另外一台工作机(2G CPU + 2G RAM + Windows2003),考虑到主要是测试浏览器客户端的性能,结果的误差应该能够接受。 

四、测试结果

*数值越小越好 

*在当前列中绿色背景的表示性能最好,红色性能最差:

1、Firefox2、3全部垫底,IE6的性能优于IE7(可能和机器不一致有关),Chrome和Safari4的性能远远超出其它浏览器。 

2、不同的浏览器下eval和new Function的性能不一致,总的来说eval更好,但Firefox下new Function的性能是eval的一倍,为了更好的兼容各个浏览器,我们把对JSON的解析单独封装成一个对象来处理: 

wrapper 

代码如下:

var __json = null; if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { __json = JSON; } var browser = Browser; var JSON = { parse: function( text ) { if ( __json !== null ) { return __json.parse( text } if ( browser.gecko ) { return new Function( "return " + text )( } return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) } }; var beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = JSON.parse( jsonString } Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime )

加入Wrapper后的结果: 

由于涉及到调用对象的开销,封装后JSON对象会比单独调用更慢,但它能保证在各个浏览器下使用最适合的方法。 

五、结论

解析Json字符串时,不同的浏览器选择不同的方法: 

  • IE6、7使用eval 

Update:

2009.03.23:屏蔽所有Firefox的Add-Ons再进行测试 

由于Known在Firefox下运行代码得到了完全不一致的结果,怀疑是Firefox的插件导致,于是禁掉所有插件后(后来表明几乎由Firebug导致),重新在Firefox2、3下测试了一下,结果如下:

这表明Firefox本身的性能并不是象我们先前测试的那样低,在去掉插件后性能还是很不错。但是没有Firebug一类的插件支持,Firefox对我们的吸引力也大大降低了。 

2009.03.31:循环中每次使用新的json字符串 

根据Oliver的描述,他猜测是由于Safari4和Chrome缓存了eval的结果从而导致它们的测试成绩“虚”高,测试结果证明了他的推测:

从这个结果中我们可以看到,Opera的性能最好,Ie8其次。

主要修改的代码:

代码如下:

//eval 2: var beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = eval("(" + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' + ")" } Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) //new Function beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = new Function("return " + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}')( } Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) //native if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' } Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) } else { Console.output( "native:not support!" } //wrapper var __json = null; if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { __json = JSON; } var browser = Browser; var JSON = { parse: function( text ) { if ( __json !== null ) { return __json.parse( text } if ( browser.gecko ) { return new Function( "return " + text )( } return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) } }; beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' } Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime )

附:全部代码

代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Parse JsonString</title> </head> <body> <div id="consoleRegion"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> //yui var Browser = function() { var o = { ie: 0, opera: 0, gecko: 0, webkit: 0 }; var ua = navigator.userAgent, m; if ( ( /KHTML/ ).test( ua ) ) { o.webkit = 1; } // Modern WebKit browsers are at least X-Grade m = ua.match(/AppleWebKit\/([^\s]*)/ if (m&&m[1]) { o.webkit=parseFloat(m[1] } if (!o.webkit) { // not webkit // @todo check Opera/8.01 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/2.0.4509/1316; fi; U; ssr) m=ua.match(/Opera[\s\/]([^\s]*)/ if (m&&m[1]) { o.opera=parseFloat(m[1] } else { // not opera or webkit m=ua.match(/MSIE\s([^;]*)/ if (m&&m[1]) { o.ie=parseFloat(m[1] } else { // not opera, webkit, or ie m=ua.match(/Gecko\/([^\s]*)/ if (m) { o.gecko=1; // Gecko detected, look for revision m=ua.match(/rv:([^\s\)]*)/ if (m&&m[1]) { o.gecko=parseFloat(m[1] } } } } } return o; }( var Console = { consoleRegion: null, getRegion: function() { if ( this.consoleRegion === null ) { this.consoleRegion = document.getElementById( "consoleRegion" } return this.consoleRegion; }, output: function( text ) { this.getRegion().innerHTML += "<br/>" + text; } }; //test code var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; //eval var beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" } Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) //new Function beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )( } Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) //native if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = JSON.parse( jsonString } Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) } else { Console.output( "native:not support!" } //wrapper var __json = null; if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { __json = JSON; } var browser = Browser; var JSON = { parse: function( text ) { if ( __json !== null ) { return __json.parse( text } if ( browser.gecko ) { return new Function( "return " + text )( } return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) } }; beginTime = new Date( for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { o = JSON.parse( jsonString } Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) //alert( o.value.items[0].z </script> </body> </html>