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Ruby 2.4

Shell

Shell类

Parent:ObjectIncluded modules:Shell::Error

Shell为常见的UNIX shell命令实现了一个惯用的Ruby界面。

它为用户提供了使用过滤器和管道执行命令的能力,例如通过使用Ruby的本地设施执行sh / csh。

例子

创建临时文件

在这个例子中,我们将在/ tmp目录下的三个不同文件夹中创建三个tmpFile。

sh = Shell.cd("/tmp") # Change to the /tmp directory sh.mkdir "shell-test-1" unless sh.exists?("shell-test-1") # make the 'shell-test-1' directory if it doesn't already exist sh.cd("shell-test-1") # Change to the /tmp/shell-test-1 directory for dir in ["dir1", "dir3", "dir5"] if !sh.exists?(dir) sh.mkdir dir # make dir if it doesn't already exist sh.cd(dir) do # change to the `dir` directory f = sh.open("tmpFile", "w") # open a new file in write mode f.print "TEST\n" # write to the file f.close # close the file handler end print sh.pwd # output the process working directory end end

用自身创建临时文件

这个例子和第一个例子是一样的,只不过我们使用了Shell :: CommandProcessor#transact。

Shell :: CommandProcessor#transact对自己执行给定的块,在本例中为sh; 我们的Shell对象。 在块内我们可以将sh.cd替换为cd,因为块内的范围已经使用了sh。

sh = Shell.cd("/tmp") sh.transact do mkdir "shell-test-1" unless exists?("shell-test-1") cd("shell-test-1") for dir in ["dir1", "dir3", "dir5"] if !exists?(dir) mkdir dir cd(dir) do f = open("tmpFile", "w") f.print "TEST\n" f.close end print pwd end end end

Pipe /etc/printcap into a file

在这个例子中,我们将读取由cupsd生成的操作系统文件/ etc / printcap,然后将其输出到相对于sh的pwd的新文件。

sh = Shell.new sh.cat("/etc/printcap") | sh.tee("tee1") > "tee2" (sh.cat < "/etc/printcap") | sh.tee("tee11") > "tee12" sh.cat("/etc/printcap") | sh.tee("tee1") >> "tee2" (sh.cat < "/etc/printcap") | sh.tee("tee11") >> "tee12"

属性

cascadeRW

debugR

debug?R

verboseRW

verbose?RW

command_processorR

cwdR

返回当前的工作目录。

debugR

debug?R

dirR

返回当前的工作目录。

dir_stackR

dirsR

getwdR

返回当前的工作目录。

process_controllerR

pwdR

返回当前的工作目录。

record_separatorRW

system_pathR

返回数组中的命令搜索路径

umaskRW

返回umask

verboseRW

verbose?RW

公共类方法

alias_command(alias, command, *opts, &block) Show source

Shell :: CommandProcessor.alias_command的便捷方法。 定义一个将使用另一个名称执行命令的实例方法。

Shell.def_system_command('date') Shell.alias_command('date_in_utc', 'date', '-u') Shell.new.date_in_utc # => Sat Jan 25 16:59:57 UTC 2014

# File lib/shell.rb, line 393 def Shell.alias_command(ali, command, *opts, &block) CommandProcessor.alias_command(ali, command, *opts, &block) end

cd(path) Show source

用当前工作目录设置为路径创建一个新的Shell实例。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 125 def cd(path) new(path) end

debug=(val) Show source

# File lib/shell.rb, line 114 def debug=(val) @debug = val @verbose = val if val end

def_system_command(command, path = command) Show source

Shell :: CommandProcessor.def_system_command的便捷方法。 定义将执行给定shell命令的实例方法。 如果可执行文件不在:: default_system_path中,则必须提供它的路径。

Shell.def_system_command('hostname') Shell.new.hostname # => localhost # How to use an executable that's not in the default path Shell.def_system_command('run_my_program', "~/hello") Shell.new.run_my_program # prints "Hello from a C program!"

# File lib/shell.rb, line 373 def Shell.def_system_command(command, path = command) CommandProcessor.def_system_command(command, path) end

default_record_separator() Show source

# File lib/shell.rb, line 158 def default_record_separator if @default_record_separator @default_record_separator else $/ end end

default_record_separator=(rs) Show source

# File lib/shell.rb, line 166 def default_record_separator=(rs) @default_record_separator = rs end

default_system_path() Show source

以当前名称的数组形式返回当前shell的PATH环境变量中的目录。这为Shell的所有实例设置#system_path。

例如:如果在你当前的shell中,且执行了以下操作:

$ echo $PATH /usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin

然后在上面的shell中运行此方法将返回:

["/usr/bin", "/bin", "/usr/local/bin"]

# File lib/shell.rb, line 142 def default_system_path if @default_system_path @default_system_path else ENV["PATH"].split(":") end end

default_system_path=(path) Show source

设置Shell的新实例应该具有#system_path作为其初始system_path。

path 应该是一组目录名字符串。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 154 def default_system_path=(path) @default_system_path = path end

install_system_commands(pre = "sys_") Show source

Shell :: CommandProcessor.install_system_commands的便捷方法。定义表示在:: default_system_path中找到的所有可执行文件的实例方法,并在其名称前面加上给定的前缀。

Shell.install_system_commands Shell.new.sys_echo("hello") # => hello

# File lib/shell.rb, line 413 def Shell.install_system_commands(pre = "sys_") CommandProcessor.install_system_commands(pre) end

new(pwd, umask) → obj Show source

创建一个当前目录设置为当前进程目录的Shell对象,除非pwd参数另有指定。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 183 def initialize(pwd = Dir.pwd, umask = nil) @cwd = File.expand_path(pwd) @dir_stack = [] @umask = umask @system_path = Shell.default_system_path @record_separator = Shell.default_record_separator @command_processor = CommandProcessor.new(self) @process_controller = ProcessController.new(self) @verbose = Shell.verbose @debug = Shell.debug end

notify(*opts) { |mes| ... } Show source

# File lib/shell.rb, line 426 def self.notify(*opts) Shell::debug_output_synchronize do if opts[-1].kind_of?(String) yorn = verbose? else yorn = opts.pop end return unless yorn if @debug_display_thread_id if @debug_display_process_id prefix = "shell(##{Process.pid}:#{Thread.current.to_s.sub("Thread", "Th")}): " else prefix = "shell(#{Thread.current.to_s.sub("Thread", "Th")}): " end else prefix = "shell: " end _head = true STDERR.print opts.collect{|mes| mes = mes.dup yield mes if iterator? if _head _head = false prefix + mes else " "* prefix.size + mes end }.join("\n")+"\n" end end

unalias_command(ali) Show source

Shell :: CommandProcessor.unalias_command的便捷方法

# File lib/shell.rb, line 398 def Shell.unalias_command(ali) CommandProcessor.unalias_command(ali) end

undef_system_command(command) Show source

Shell :: CommandProcessor.undef_system_command的便捷方法

# File lib/shell.rb, line 378 def Shell.undef_system_command(command) CommandProcessor.undef_system_command(command) end

公共实例方法

cd(path = nil, verbose = @verbose)

别名为:chdir

chdir(path) Show source

创建当前目录设置为路径的Shell对象。

如果给出了一个块,它将在块结束时恢复当前目录。

如果调用为迭代器,则在块结束时恢复当前目录。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 261 def chdir(path = nil, verbose = @verbose) check_point if iterator? notify("chdir(with block) #{path}") if verbose cwd_old = @cwd begin chdir(path, nil) yield ensure chdir(cwd_old, nil) end else notify("chdir #{path}") if verbose path = "~" unless path @cwd = expand_path(path) notify "current dir: #{@cwd}" rehash Void.new(self) end end

另外别名为:cd

debug=(val) Show source

# File lib/shell.rb, line 216 def debug=(val) @debug = val @verbose = val if val end

expand_path(path) Show source

# File lib/shell.rb, line 227 def expand_path(path) File.expand_path(path, @cwd) end

inspect() Show source

调用超类方法Object#inspect

# File lib/shell.rb, line 418 def inspect if debug.kind_of?(Integer) && debug > 2 super else to_s end end

jobs() Show source

返回预定任务的列表。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 345 def jobs @process_controller.jobs end

kill(signal, job) Show source

将给定的signal发送给给定的job

# File lib/shell.rb, line 353 def kill(sig, command) @process_controller.kill_job(sig, command) end

popd()

别名为:popdir

popdir() Show source

从目录栈中弹出一个目录,并将当前目录设置为它。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 329 def popdir check_point notify("popdir") if pop = @dir_stack.pop chdir pop notify "dir stack: [#{@dir_stack.join ', '}]" self else Shell.Fail DirStackEmpty end Void.new(self) end

另外别名为:popd

pushd(path = nil, verbose = @verbose)

别名为:pushdir

pushdir(path) Show source

pushdir(path) { &block }

将当前目录推送到目录堆栈,将当前目录更改为路径。

如果省略了路径,它将交换其当前目录和其目录堆栈的顶部。

如果给出了一个块,它将在块结束时恢复当前目录。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 295 def pushdir(path = nil, verbose = @verbose) check_point if iterator? notify("pushdir(with block) #{path}") if verbose pushdir(path, nil) begin yield ensure popdir end elsif path notify("pushdir #{path}") if verbose @dir_stack.push @cwd chdir(path, nil) notify "dir stack: [#{@dir_stack.join ', '}]" self else notify("pushdir") if verbose if pop = @dir_stack.pop @dir_stack.push @cwd chdir pop notify "dir stack: [#{@dir_stack.join ', '}]" self else Shell.Fail DirStackEmpty end end Void.new(self) end

另外别名为:pushd

system_path=(path) Show source

设置系统路径(Shell实例的PATH环境变量)。

路径应该是一个目录名称字符串数组。

# File lib/shell.rb, line 204 def system_path=(path) @system_path = path rehash end