在线文档教程
Ruby 2.4

Benchmark

Benchmark模块

Benchmark模块提供了测量和报告执行Ruby代码所用时间的方法。

  • 测量时间来构造表达式给出的字符串"a"*1_000_000_000:require'benchmark'puts Benchmark.measure {“a”* 1_000_000_000}在我的机器上(iX 1.7 GHz上的OSX 10.8.3)产生:0.350000 0.400000 0.750000(0.835234)This报告显示用户CPU时间,系统CPU时间,用户和系统CPU时间总和以及实时实际时间。时间单位是秒。

  • 使用bm方法按顺序进行一些实验:

require 'benchmark' n = 5000000 Benchmark.bm do |x| x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } end

结果:

user system total real 1.010000 0.000000 1.010000 ( 1.014479) 1.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ( 0.998261) 0.980000 0.000000 0.980000 ( 0.981335)

  • 继续前面的例子,在每个报告中加上一个标签:require'benchmark'n = 5000000 Benchmark.bm(7)do | x | x.report(“for:”){for i in 1..n; a =“1”; end} x.report(“times:”){n.times do; a =“1”; end} x.report(“upto:”){1.upto(n)do; a =“1”; end} end结果:用户系统实际总数为:1.010000 0.000000 1.010000(1.015688)次:1.000000 0.000000 1.000000(1.003611)upto:1.030000 0.000000 1.030000(1.028098)

  • 某些基准测试的时间取决于项目的运行顺序。这些差异是由于内存分配和垃圾收集的成本。为了避免这些差异,提供了bmbm方法。例如,要比较排序浮点数组的方法:

require 'benchmark' array = (1..1000000).map { rand } Benchmark.bmbm do |x| x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } end

结果:

Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- sort! 1.490000 0.010000 1.500000 ( 1.490520) sort 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.463025) -------------------------------- total: 2.960000sec user system total real sort! 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.460465) sort 1.450000 0.010000 1.460000 ( 1.448327)

  • 使用基准方法报告具有独特标签的连续实验的统计数据:

require 'benchmark' include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants n = 5000000 Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x| tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3 end

结果:

user system total real for: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.952039) times: 0.980000 0.000000 0.980000 ( 0.984938) upto: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.946787) >total: 2.880000 0.000000 2.880000 ( 2.883764) >avg: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.961255)

常量

CAPTION

默认标题字符串(标题高于输出时间)。

FORMAT

用于显示时间的默认格式字符串。另见Benchmark :: Tms#格式。

公共类方法

benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, *labels) { |report| ... } Show source

使用Benchmark :: Report对象调用该块,该对象可用于收集和报告单个基准测试的结果。label_width为每条生产线上的标签预留空间。打印caption在报告的顶部,format用于格式化每一行。返回Benchmark :: Tms对象的数组。

如果该块返回一个Benchmark :: Tms对象的数组,则这些将用于格式化额外的输出行。如果labels给出参数,则用这些参数标记这些额外的行。

:其他方法提供了一个更简单的接口,适用于几乎所有的基准测试要求。请参阅Benchmark中的示例以及bm和bmbm方法。

例:

require 'benchmark' include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants n = 5000000 Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x| tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3] end

产生:

user system total real for: 0.970000 0.000000 0.970000 ( 0.970493) times: 0.990000 0.000000 0.990000 ( 0.989542) upto: 0.970000 0.000000 0.970000 ( 0.972854) >total: 2.930000 0.000000 2.930000 ( 2.932889) >avg: 0.976667 0.000000 0.976667 ( 0.977630)

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 164 def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, *labels) # :yield: report sync = STDOUT.sync STDOUT.sync = true label_width ||= 0 label_width += 1 format ||= FORMAT print ' '*label_width + caption unless caption.empty? report = Report.new(label_width, format) results = yield(report) Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t| print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width), t.format(format)) } report.list ensure STDOUT.sync = sync unless sync.nil? end

bm(label_width = 0, *labels) { |report| ... } Show source

一个简单的基准方法接口,bm生成带有标签的连续报告。label_widthlabels参数的含义为基准相同。

require 'benchmark' n = 5000000 Benchmark.bm(7) do |x| x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } end

产生:

user system total real for: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.957966) times: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.960423) upto: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.954864)

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 203 def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report benchmark(CAPTION, label_width, FORMAT, *labels, &blk) end

bmbm(width = 0) { |job| ... } Show source

有时候基准测试结果有偏差,因为之前执行的代码遇到不同于以后运行的垃圾收集开销。bmbm尝试通过两次运行测试来最小化这种影响,第一次作为排练以便使运行时环境稳定,第二次是真实的。GC.start在每个实时定时开始之前执行; 这个时间的成本不包括在内。但实际上,bmbm只能做到这一点,而且结果不能保证与垃圾收集和其他效果隔离。

由于bmbm需要两次通过测试,它可以计算所需的标签宽度。

require 'benchmark' array = (1..1000000).map { rand } Benchmark.bmbm do |x| x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } end

产生:

Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- sort! 1.440000 0.010000 1.450000 ( 1.446833) sort 1.440000 0.000000 1.440000 ( 1.448257) -------------------------------- total: 2.890000sec user system total real sort! 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.458065) sort 1.450000 0.000000 1.450000 ( 1.455963)

bmbm产生一个Benchmark :: Job对象并返回一个Benchmark :: Tms对象的数组。

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 245 def bmbm(width = 0) # :yield: job job = Job.new(width) yield(job) width = job.width + 1 sync = STDOUT.sync STDOUT.sync = true # rehearsal puts 'Rehearsal '.ljust(width+CAPTION.length,'-') ets = job.list.inject(Tms.new) { |sum,(label,item)| print label.ljust(width) res = Benchmark.measure(&item) print res.format sum + res }.format("total: %tsec") print " #{ets}\n\n".rjust(width+CAPTION.length+2,'-') # take print ' '*width + CAPTION job.list.map { |label,item| GC.start print label.ljust(width) Benchmark.measure(label, &item).tap { |res| print res } } ensure STDOUT.sync = sync unless sync.nil? end

measure(label = "") { || ... } Show source

将用于执行给定块的时间作为Benchmark :: Tms对象返回。注意到label选项。

require 'benchmark' n = 1000000 time = Benchmark.measure do n.times { a = "1" } end puts time

产生:

0.220000 0.000000 0.220000 ( 0.227313)

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 290 def measure(label = "") # :yield: t0, r0 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) yield t1, r1 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime - t0.utime, t1.stime - t0.stime, t1.cutime - t0.cutime, t1.cstime - t0.cstime, r1 - r0, label) end

realtime() { || ... } Show source

返回用于执行给定块的已用实时时间。

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 305 def realtime # :yield: r0 = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) yield Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - r0 end

私有实例方法

benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, *labels) { |report| ... } Show source

使用Benchmark :: Report对象调用该块,该对象可用于收集和报告单个基准测试的结果。 为每行上的标签保留label_width前导空格。 在报告的顶部打印标题,并使用格式来格式化每一行。 返回Benchmark :: Tms对象的数组。

如果该块返回一个Benchmark :: Tms对象的数组,则这些将用于格式化额外的输出行。如果labels给出参数,则用这些参数标记这些额外的行。

:其他方法提供了一个更简单的接口,适用于几乎所有的基准测试要求。请参阅Benchmark中的示例以及bm和bmbm方法。

例:

require 'benchmark' include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants n = 5000000 Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x| tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3] end

产生:

user system total real for: 0.970000 0.000000 0.970000 ( 0.970493) times: 0.990000 0.000000 0.990000 ( 0.989542) upto: 0.970000 0.000000 0.970000 ( 0.972854) >total: 2.930000 0.000000 2.930000 ( 2.932889) >avg: 0.976667 0.000000 0.976667 ( 0.977630)

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 164 def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, *labels) # :yield: report sync = STDOUT.sync STDOUT.sync = true label_width ||= 0 label_width += 1 format ||= FORMAT print ' '*label_width + caption unless caption.empty? report = Report.new(label_width, format) results = yield(report) Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t| print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width), t.format(format)) } report.list ensure STDOUT.sync = sync unless sync.nil? end

bm(label_width = 0, *labels) { |report| ... } Show source

一个简单的基准方法接口,bm生成带有标签的连续报告。label_widthlabels参数的含义为基准相同。

require 'benchmark' n = 5000000 Benchmark.bm(7) do |x| x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } end

产生:

user system total real for: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.957966) times: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.960423) upto: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.954864)

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 203 def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report benchmark(CAPTION, label_width, FORMAT, *labels, &blk) end

bmbm(width = 0) { |job| ... } Show source

有时候基准测试结果有偏差,因为之前执行的代码遇到不同于以后运行的垃圾收集开销。bmbm尝试通过两次运行测试来最小化这种影响,第一次作为排练以便使运行时环境稳定,第二次是真实的。GC.start在每个实时定时开始之前执行; 这个时间的成本不包括在内。但实际上,bmbm只能做到这一点,而且结果不能保证与垃圾收集和其他效果隔离。

由于bmbm需要两次通过测试,它可以计算所需的标签宽度。

require 'benchmark' array = (1..1000000).map { rand } Benchmark.bmbm do |x| x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } end

产生:

Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- sort! 1.440000 0.010000 1.450000 ( 1.446833) sort 1.440000 0.000000 1.440000 ( 1.448257) -------------------------------- total: 2.890000sec user system total real sort! 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.458065) sort 1.450000 0.000000 1.450000 ( 1.455963)

bmbm产生一个Benchmark :: Job对象并返回一个Benchmark :: Tms对象的数组。

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 245 def bmbm(width = 0) # :yield: job job = Job.new(width) yield(job) width = job.width + 1 sync = STDOUT.sync STDOUT.sync = true # rehearsal puts 'Rehearsal '.ljust(width+CAPTION.length,'-') ets = job.list.inject(Tms.new) { |sum,(label,item)| print label.ljust(width) res = Benchmark.measure(&item) print res.format sum + res }.format("total: %tsec") print " #{ets}\n\n".rjust(width+CAPTION.length+2,'-') # take print ' '*width + CAPTION job.list.map { |label,item| GC.start print label.ljust(width) Benchmark.measure(label, &item).tap { |res| print res } } ensure STDOUT.sync = sync unless sync.nil? end

measure(label = "") { || ... } Show source

将用于执行给定块的时间作为Benchmark :: Tms对象返回。注意到label选项。

require 'benchmark' n = 1000000 time = Benchmark.measure do n.times { a = "1" } end puts time

产生:

0.220000 0.000000 0.220000 ( 0.227313)

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 290 def measure(label = "") # :yield: t0, r0 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) yield t1, r1 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime - t0.utime, t1.stime - t0.stime, t1.cutime - t0.cutime, t1.cstime - t0.cstime, r1 - r0, label) end

realtime() { || ... } Show source

返回用于执行给定块的已用实时时间。

# File lib/benchmark.rb, line 305 def realtime # :yield: r0 = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) yield Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - r0 end